Default Mode Network

Default Mode Network

Als Default Mode Network (englisch, DMN, dt. ‚Bewusstseinsnetzwerk‘ oder ‚Ruhezustandsnetzwerk‘) bezeichnet man eine Gruppe von Gehirnregionen, die beim Nichtstun aktiv werden und beim Lösen von Aufgaben deaktiviert werden. Die Ruheaktivität dieser Hirnregionen lässt sich mit fMRT, Elektroenzephalografie und Magnetoenzephalographie nachweisen.

Die Aktivität dieser Hirnregionen ist korreliert. Deshalb wird diese Gruppe von synchron aktiven Hirnregionen als Netzwerk aufgefasst. Das Netzwerk kann mit dem mathematischen Werkzeug Graphentheorie beschrieben werden.

Zu den beteiligten Hirnregionen gehören medialer präfrontaler Cortex, Praecuneus, Teile des Gyrus cinguli sowie, schwächer angebunden, der Lobulus parietalis superior des Scheitellappens und der Hippocampus.

Das DMN scheint dann aktiv zu sein, wenn ein Mensch tagträumt, Zukunftspläne macht u.s.w.

Bei verschiedenen neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen, u. a. bei der Alzheimer-Krankheit, hat man Veränderungen im DMN gefunden.

Literatur

  • A. Otti, H. Gündel, A. Wohlschläger, C. Zimmer, C. Sorg, M. Noll-Hussong: „Default-mode“-Netzwerk des Gehirns. In: Der Nervenarzt. 2011, S. 1-8, doi:10.1007/s00115-011-3307-6, PMID 21584789.
  • Michela Pievani, Willem de Haan, Tao Wu, William W. Seeley, Giovanni B. Frisoni: Functional network disruption in the degenerative dementias. In: The Lancet Neurology. 10, Nr. 9, 2011, S. 829-843, doi:10.1016/S1474–4422(11)70158-2, PMID 21778116.

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