Formic acid fuel cell

Formic acid fuel cell

Die Ameisensäure-Brennstoffzelle (FAFC von englisch: Formic acid fuel cell) ist eine Brennstoffzelle, bei der Ameisensäure als Brennstoff benutzt wird. Als Elektrolyt wird, wie bei der DMFC, eine protonenleitende Membran (z.B. Nafion) verwendet. Wegen ihrer geringen Leistungsdichte ist sie hauptsächlich zum Einsatz in kleinen elektronischen Geräten wie Mobiltelephonen geeignet.

Unterschiede gegenüber anderen Brennstoffzellen

Ameisensäure-Brennstoffzellen wandeln zur Stromabgabe Ameisensäure und Sauerstoff in Kohlenstoffdioxid und Wasser um. Bei früheren Untersuchungen wurde Ameisensäure als brauchbarer Brennstoff ausgeschlossen, da sie bei Experimenten mit klassischen Katalysatoren, wie z. B. Platin, hohe elektrochemische Überspannungen zeigte, was eine geringe Leistungsdichte und Lebensdauer bedeutete.

In den letzten Jahren fanden Forscher (speziell Richard Masels Gruppe von der University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) jedoch heraus, dass die geringe Leistung an der Verwendung von Katalysatoren aus Platin lag, die derzeit bei den meisten gebräuchlichen Brennstoffzellen verwendet werden. Wird stattdessen Palladium verwendet, lässt sich eine Leistung erzielen, die noch über der einer Direktmethanolbrennstoffzelle liegt.[1] [2]

Referenzen

  1. S. Ha, R. Larsen, and R. I. Masel, "Performance characterization of Pd/C nanocatalyst for direct formic acid fuel cells," Journal of Power Sources, 144, 28-34 (2005)
  2. S. Uhm, H. J. Lee, Y. Kwon, J. Lee, "A stable and cost-effective anode catalyst structure for formic acid fuel cells", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 10163-10166



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