Ortholog

Ortholog

Orthologie (griech. orthos = "gerade, aufrecht" und logos = "Wort, Kunde") ist in der Medizin die Kunde oder die Wissenschaft vom Normalzustand eines Organs oder Systems. Das Gegenteil ist die Pathologie.

Orthologie in der Genetik

In der Genetik bezeichnet man Gene in unterschiedlichen Spezies als ortholog, wenn diese funktional verwandt sind und von einem gemeinsamen Vorläufer abstammen. Es handelt sich dabei also um vertikale Evolution. Ein Beispiel ist das Hämoglobin, das in allen Säugetieren vorkommt.

Die Orthologie ist neben der Paralogie ein weiteres Teilgebiet der Homologie (Biologie).


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