John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
- John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
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John Holland, 1. Herzog von Exeter, 1. Earl of Huntingdon (* um 1352; † Januar 1400) war ein englischer Adeliger. Als einer der engsten Vertrauten seines jüngeren Halbbruders König Richard II. spielte er in dessen Auseinandersetzungen mit den oppositionellen „Lord Appelants“ eine bedeutende Rolle.
Leben
John Holland war der Sohn von Thomas Holland, 1. Earl of Kent und Joan of Kent, der Mutter Richards II. Sein Halbbruder machte ihn 1381 zum Ritter des Hosenbandordens, 1388 zum Earl of Huntingdon, 1389 zum Lordkämmerer und Großadmiral und 1397 zum Herzog von Exeter. Holland unterstützte die sogenannte Tyrannei Richards II., während der die oppositionellen „Lord Appelants“ Richard Fitzalan und Thomas of Woodstock hingerichtet wurden bzw. unter dubiosen Umständen in Gefangenschaft starben. Auch sonst beschwor er durch sein heftiges Temperament mehrmals Skandale herauf, z.B. indem er 1385 den Todes eines Mannes aus seinem Gefolge in Selbstjustiz rächte [1]. Außerdem misshandelte er Fitzalans Sohn Thomas, der ihm als Mündel übergeben worden war.
Nachdem Richard II. 1399 von seinem Cousin Heinrich Bolingbroke gestürzt worden war, beteiligten sich Holland und sein Neffe Thomas an einer Verschwörung gegen Bolingbroke, der als Heinrich IV. neuer König geworden war. Die Verschwörung scheiterte jedoch, Holland wurde auf der Flucht gefangen und von seinem ehemaligen Mündel Thomas Fitzalan getötet.
Familie
John Holland hatte 1386 Elizabeth Plantagenet geheiratet, eine Schwester von Heinrich IV. Sie hatten fünf Kinder:
- Richard († 3. September 1400)
- Constance (1387 - 1437), verheiratet mit Thomas Mowbray, 4. Earl of Norfolk, und John Grey
- Alice (um 1392 – 1406), verheiratet mit Richard de Vere, 11. Earl of Oxford
- John (1395 - 1447), 2. Herzog von Exeter
- Edward (um 1399 – 1413)
John Hollands Sohn John erhielt von König Heinrich V. die Titel und den Besitz seines Vaters zurück und diente - ebenso wie nach ihm sein Sohn Henry (1430 - 1475) - der Krone als Militärführer in Frankreich.
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John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter — (c. 1352 ndash; January 16, 1400), also Earl of Huntingdon, was an English nobleman, primarily remembered for helping cause the downfall of Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester and then for conspiring against Henry IV.He was the third son… … Wikipedia
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