Line Graph

Line Graph

Definition

Der Kantengraph (engl. line graph) L(G): = (V',E') eines ungerichteten Graphen G = (V,E) ist in der Graphentheorie der Graph mit folgenden Eigenschaften:

  1. V' = E, das heißt jede Kante von G ist ein Knoten in L(G).
  2. Je zwei Knoten aus V' sind in L(G) adjazent, wenn die zugehörigen Kanten aus E einen gemeinsamen Endknoten haben, also in G adjazent sind.

Jeder Kantengraph eines bipartiten Graphen ist ein Perfekter Graph.

Beispiel

Graph G

Das folgende Beispiel veranschaulicht die Konstruktion des Kantengraphen L(G) zu einem gegebenen Graphen G = (V,E). Der abgebildete Graph G hat die Knotenmenge V = {1,2,3,4,5} und die Kantenmenge E = {{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,5},{3,4},{4,5}}.

Konstruktion von L(G)

Aus dem Original G wird jetzt ein neuer Graph konstruiert, indem jede Kante e \in E von G zu einem neuen Knoten v' \in V'in L(G) wird (durch die grüne Ellipse auf den originalen Kanten veranschaulicht). Die neu entstandenen Knoten werden genau dann miteinander verbunden, wenn die Kanten im Originalgraphen aneinanderstießen.

Kantengraph L(G)

Das Resultat der Konstruktion erhält man durch Ausblenden des Originalgraphen G. Zurück bleibt der Kantengraph L(G).

Wieder als Mengen ausgedrückt erhält man L(G) = (V', \{\{\{1, 2\}, \{1, 3\}\}, \{\{1, 2\}, \{1, 4\}\}, \{\{1, 2\}, \{2, 5\}\}, \dots\})


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