- McKenzie-Konzept
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Das McKenzie-Konzept (auch MDT = Mechanische Diagnose und Therapie) ist eine Methode der Physiotherapie. Der neuseeländische Physiotherapeut Robin McKenzie (geboren 1931) hat sie entwickelt.[1][2][3] 1981 veröffentlichte er sein Konzept, das er selbst Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) nannte und nach dem mittlerweile in 36 Ländern standardisiert ausgebildet wird.
McKenzies Kernaussage lautet: „anatomische Diagnosen“ sind an Wirbelsäule und Gelenken selten möglich und wenig hilfreich für die Behandlung. Es ist effektiver, Beschwerden danach einzuteilen, welche Therapie dem Betroffenen hilft. MDT nach McKenzie setzt primär Eigenübungen der Patienten ein und reduziert manuelle Techniken auf ein Minimum. Erst wenn das dem jeweiligen Beschwerdebild angepasste Übungsprogramm in der Intensität nicht ausreicht, hilft der McKenzie-Therapeut mit bestimmten Handgriffen nach, um den Übungseffekt zu intensivieren. McKenzie vertritt die Auffassung, dass Betroffene Nacken- und Rückenschmerzen durch Selbstbehandlung langfristig reduzieren können.[4][5][6] Dazu fordert er therapeutische Autonomie und Eigenverantwortung ein.
Ein in diesem Zusammenhang diagnostisch relevantes Phänomen ist die im Laufe der Behandlung auftretende Schmerz-Zentralisation.[7][8][9][10] Der Schmerz zieht sich dabei abschnittsweise und anhaltend aus den Extremitäten zurück und kann in der Nähe der Wirbelsäule deutlich stärker werden. Wenn dieses Phänomen auftritt, gilt es als prognostisch günstig und für die weitere Therapie richtungsweisend.[11][12][13]Die McKenzie Untersuchung wurde in Studien als verlässlich eingestuft.[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Studien schätzen sie ähnlich effektiv ein wie andere verbreitete Methoden.[21] [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]Die McKenzie Methode wird weltweit eingesetzt beispielsweise beim tiefen Rückenschmerz[29][30][31][32][33], bei Nackenschmerzen[34] und bei Beschwerden an den Gelenken[35][36][37][38].
Literatur
- Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ; The dynamic disc model: a systematic review of the literature. Phys Ther Rev; 14.181-295, 2009.
- Dankaerts W, O’Sullivan P, Burnett A, Straker L, Davey P, Gupta R; Discriminating health controls and two clinical subgroups of non-specific chronic low back pain patients using trunk muscle activation and lumbosacral kinematics of postures and movements. Spine; 34:1610-1618, 2009.
- Hancock MJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, Spindler MF, McAuley JH, Laslett M, Bogduk N ; Systematic review of tests to identify the disc, SIJ or facet joint as the source of low back pain Eur Spine J; 16:1539-1550, 2007.
- Werneke MW, Hart DL.; Categorizing patients with occupational low back pain by use of the Quebec Task Force Classification system versus pain pattern classification procedures: discriminant and predictive validity Phys Ther; Mar;84(3):243-54, 2004.
- Young S, Aprill C, Laslett M; Correlation of clinical examination characteristics with three sources of chronic low back pain Spine; 3.460-465, 2003.
- Einzelnachweise
- ↑ McKenzie RA, Stephen May: The Cervical and Thoracic Spine.Mechanical diagnosis & therapy. Spinal Publications New Zealand Ltd 2006
- ↑ McKenzie RA, Stephen May: The lumbar spine. Mechanical diagnosis & therapy.Spinal Publications New Zealand Ltd 2003
- ↑ Saner-Bissig, J., McKenzie - Mechanische Diagnose und Therapie.Thieme, Stuttgart; Auflage: 1 (11. Juli 2007) ISBN 9783131439918 Musterseiten hier
- ↑ Udermann BE, Spratt KF, Donelson RG, Mayer J, Graves JE, Tillotson J; Can a patient educational book change behavior and reduce pain in chronic back pain patients? Spine J; 4.425-435, 2004 hier online
- ↑ May S,Donelson R: Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with the McKenzie method. The Spine Journal 2008,8,134–141
- ↑ May S, Gardiner E, Young S, Klaber-Moffett J ; Predictor variables for a positive long-term functional outcome in patients with acute and chronic neck and back pain treated with a McKenzie approach: a secondary analysis. J Manual Manip Ther; 16.155-160, 2008
- ↑ Werneke MW, Hart DL, George SZ, Stratford PW, Matheson JW, Reyes A ; Clinical outcomes for patients classified by fear-avoidance beliefs and centralization phenomenon Arch Phys Med Rehab; 90:768-777, 2009, hier online
- ↑ Werneke MW et al.: Centralization: Prevalence and Effect on Treatment Outcomes Using a Standardized Operational Definition and Measurement Method. JOSPT, 38,3,2008, 116 -125 hier online
- ↑ Laslett M, Oberg B, Aprill CN, McDonald B ; Centralization as a predictor of provocation discography results in chronic low back pain, and the influence of disability and distress on diagnostic power. Spine J; 5:370-380, 2005 hier online
- ↑ Aina A, May S. The centralization phenomenon of spinal symptoms — a systematic review. Manual Therapy, 134–143, 2004
- ↑ Skytte L, May S, Petersen P; Centralization: Its prognostic value in patients with referred symptoms and sciatica Spine; 30:E293-E299, 2005 hier online
- ↑ George SZ, Bialosky JE, Donald DA ; The centralization phenomenon and fear-avoidance beliefs as prognostic factors for acute low back pain: a preliminary investigation involving patients classified for specific exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther; 35:580-588, 2005
- ↑ Werneke M, Hart DL.; Centralization phenomenon as a prognostic factor for chronic low back pain and disability. Spine; Apr 1;26(7):758-65 , 2001
- ↑ May S, Ross J The McKenzie Classification System in the Extremities: A Reliability Study Using McKenzie Assessment Forms and Experiences Clinicians. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics Vol.32,7, 2009 hier online
- ↑ Clare HA, Adams R, Maher CG; Reliability of McKenzie classification of patients with cervical and lumbar pain J Manipulative Physiol Ther; Feb;28(2):122-7, 2005
- ↑ Clare HA, Adams R, Maher CG; Reliability of the McKenzie spinal pain classification using patient assessment forms. Physiotherapy; 90:114-119, 2004 hier online
- ↑ Clare HA, Adams R, Maher CG.; Reliability of detection of lumbar lateral shift. J Manipulative Physiol Ther; Oct;26(8):476-80, 2003 hier online
- ↑ Kilpikoski S, Airaksinen O, Kankaanpaa M, Leminen P, Videman T, Alen M.; Interexaminer reliability of low back pain assessment using the McKenzie method. Spine; Apr 15;27(8):E207-14, 2002
- ↑ Chorti AG, Chortis AG, Strimpakos N, McCarthy CJ, Lamb SE; The prognostic value of symptom responses in the conservative management of spinal pain. A systematic review. Spine; 34:2686-2699, 2009
- ↑ Razmjou H, Kramer JF, Yamada R; Intertester reliability of the McKenzie evaluation in assessing patients with mechanical low-back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther; Jul;30(7):368-383, 2000 hier online
- ↑ Long A, Donelson R, Fung T.: Does it matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain. Spine 2004; 29, 2593-2602 hier online
- ↑ Luciana AC Machado, Chris G Maher, Rob D Herbert, Helen Clare and James H McAuley.The effectiveness of the McKenzie method in addition to first-line care for acute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine, 8:10, doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-10, 2010 hier online
- ↑ Audrey Long et al.: Specific Directional Exercises for Patients with Low Back Pain: A Case Series. Physiotherapy Canada 2008, Volume 60, Number 4 hier online
- ↑ Schenk R, Jozefczyk, Kopf A ; A randomised trial comparing interventions in patients with lumbar posterior derangement. J Man & Manip Ther; 11:95-102, 2003
- ↑ Machado LAC, de Souza MvS, Ferreira PH, Ferreira ML ; The McKenzie Method for low back pain. A systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis approach Spine; 31:E254-E262, 2006
- ↑ Long A, Donelson R, Fung T.: Does it matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain. Spine 2004; 29, 2593-2602 hier online
- ↑ Clare HA, Adams R, Maher CG; A systematic review of efficacy of McKenzie therapy for spinal pain. Aust J Physiother; 50(4):209-16, 2004
- ↑ Petersen T, Kryger P, Ekdahl C, Olsen S, Jacobsen S.; The effect of McKenzie therapy as compared with that of intensive strengthening training for the treatment of patients with subacute or chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Spine; Aug 15;27(16):1702-9, 2002 hier online
- ↑ Spoto MM, Collins J; Physiotherapy diagnosis in clinical practice: a survey of orthopaedic certified specialists. Physio Res Int; 13.31-41, 2008 hier online
- ↑ Horton SJ, Franz A ; Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy approach to assessment and treatment of derangement of the sacro-iliac joint. Manual Therapy; 12:126-132, 2007
- ↑ Miller ER, Schenk RJ, Karnes JL, Rousselle JG ; A comparison of the McKenzie approach to a specific spine stabilization program for chronic low back pain J Man & Manip Ther; 13:103-112, 2005
- ↑ COST B13 Working Group on Guidelines for the Management of Acute Low Back Pain in Primary Care. EUROPEAN GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN IN PRIMARY CARE. , 2005, S. 22, pdf
- ↑ Schrupp RJ,Honoring Our "Giants", Advance for Physical Therapy & Rehab Medicine, Vol. 15, Issue 14, Page 61, 2004
- ↑ Schenk R et al.: Inclusion of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) in the Management of Cervical Radiculopathy: A Case Report. The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 2008, Vol. 16 No. 1, E2–E8
- ↑ McKenzie RA, May S: The Human Extremities. Mechanical diagnosis & therapy. Spinal Publications New Zealand Ltd 2000
- ↑ Kaneko S, Takasaki H, May S; Application of mechanical diagnosis and therapy to a patient diagnosed with de Quervain’s disease: a case study. J Hand Ther; 22:278-284, 2009 hier online
- ↑ May S, Ross J The McKenzie Classification System in the Extremities: A Reliability Study Using McKenzie Assessment Forms and Experiences Clinicians. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics Vol.32,7, 2009 hier online
- ↑ Aina A, MAy S. A shoulder derangement. Manual Therapy, Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 159-163
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