Attitude Determination and Control System
- Attitude Determination and Control System
-
ADCS (engl. Attitude Determination and Control System) oder AOCS (engl. Attitude and Orbit Control System) ist eine in der Raumfahrttechnik übliche Bezeichnung für das Lage- und Bahnregelungssystem eines Raumfahrzeugs (s/c). Ein solches System besteht typischerweise aus Sensoren, z. B. Sonnensensoren oder Sternensensoren, dem Lagekontrollrechner sowie Aktoren, z. B. Reaktionsrädern oder Triebwerken. Beim AOCS kommt meist noch ein GPS-Empfänger oder On-Board-Navigation System hinzu, was auch die Bestimmung der Orbitposition ermöglicht.
Unterschiedliche Lageregelungsstrategien
Man unterscheidet bei den aktiven AOCS/ADCS Systemen zwischen:
- Spinstabilisierten Systemen
- Drallstabilisierten Systemen
- 3-Achsen-stabilisierten Systemen
Spin- und drallstabilisierte Systeme werden in der englischen Fachliteratur auch als momentum-bias systems, 3-Achsen-stabilisierte Systeme als non-momentum-bias systems bezeichnet.
ADCS/AOCS Sensoren
Lageregelungssensoren dienen der Bestimmung der Ausrichtung des Satelliten/Raumfahrzeugs im Raum.
- Inertiale (absolute) Sensoren
ADCS/AOCS Aktoren
- Triebwerke
- Reaktionsräder
- Drallräder (immer nur ein, höchstens zwei Räder, falls redundant eingesetzt)
- Magnetfeldspulen
- Luftspulen (Spule mit hohem Innenquerschnitt)
- Magnettorquer/Torqrods (Spule mit Eisenkern)
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