Two powers standard

Two powers standard

Der Two-Power-Standard (dt. „Zweimächtestandard“) war die Maxime der britischen Flottenrüstung in der Zeit von 1889 bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg, derzufolge die britische Flotte immer mindestens so stark sein sollte wie die beiden nächstgrößeren Flotten zusammen.

Der Two-Power-Standard wurde im Marinegesetz (Naval Defence Act) von 1889 ins britische Unterhaus eingebracht und mit den Stimmen der Konservativen verabschiedet. Urheber des Gesetzes war Lord George Hamilton, der Marineminister der 2. Regierung Salisbury. Die Politik des Two-Power-Standard wurde - trotz verbaler Kritik von den sogenannten „Radikalliberalen“ innerhalb der Liberal Party und der linken Presse - im Wesentlichen von allen britischen Regierungen zwischen 1889 und 1914 fortgeführt. Dies zumal vor dem Hintergrund der sich rapide beschleunigenden deutschen Flottenrüstung seit 1899/1900.

Infolge der finanziellen Belastungen des Ersten Weltkrieges und der ausgedehnten Bauprogramme der USA und Japans musste der Gedanke des Zweimächtestandards nach 1918 aufgegeben werden und das Vereinigte Königreich insbesondere den Vereinigten Staaten Gleichberechtigung in maritimen Rüstungsfragen einräumen. Die Washingtoner Flottenkonferenz markierte schließlich auch pro forma das Ende des maritimen Rüstungswettlaufs.


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