John Hampden

John Hampden
John Hampden

John Hampden (* circa 1594; † 18. Juni 1643) war ein englischer Politiker.

Er war der älteste Sohn von William Hampden, of Hampden House, Great Hampden in Buckinghamshire, ein Nachfahre einer sehr alten englischen Familie und von Elisabeth, der zweiten Tochter von Sir Henry Cromwell und Tante von Oliver Cromwell. Er studierte in Oxford. Die Stadt Hamden, Connecticut, USA, wurde nach ihm benannt, ebenso wie das Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, USA.

Im Jahre 1636 weigerte sich John Hampden, später einer der bedeutendsten Führer der englischen bürgerlichen Revolution, dem königlichen Steuereintreiber das „Schiffsgeld“ zu zahlen - eine Steuer, die vom Unterhaus nicht bestätigt worden war. Der darauffolgende Prozess vor dem obersten Gerichtshof, in dem er verurteilt wurde, trug ihm große Popularität ein und führte zum Anwachsen der bürgerlichen Opposition gegen den Absolutismus.

1640 trat er im Parlament an die Spitze der Opposition und gehörte zu den fünf Mitgliedern des Unterhauses, welche 1642 vor dem Oberhaus des Hochverrats angeklagt wurden. Im Englischen Bürgerkrieg (1642-1649) war Buckinghamshire überwiegend parlamentarisch eingestellt. John Hampden half in der Schlacht von 1642 mit, Aylesbury zu verteidigen und wurde bei Chalgrovefield, einige Meilen von Oxford, in einem Reitertreffen am 18. Juni 1643 tödlich verwundet.

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