Chiricahua (Sprache)

Chiricahua
Gesprochen in	USA, Mexiko
Linguistische Klassifikation	Athapasken-Sprachen Apachen-Gruppe Bedonkohe-Mescalero-Sprache Chiricahua
Sprachcodes
ISO 639-1:	-
ISO 639-2:	apa (Apache-Sprachen)
ISO 639-3:	apm

Chiricahua (Nahuatl: "wilde Krieger aus den Bergen") bezeichnet die Chokonen-Apachen im engeren Sinn, aber auch eine Gruppe eng verwandter und verbündeter Apachen-Gruppen im Südwesten der USA und im Norden Mexikos. Sie gehören linguistisch zu den Na-Dené-Sprachen.

Phonologie

Konsonanten

		Bilabial	Alveolar		Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			central	lateraler
Verschlusslaut	nicht aspiriert	b [p]	d [t]				g [k]
	aspiriert		t [tʰ]				k [kʰ]
	ejektiv		t’ [t’]				k’ [k’]	’ [ʔ]
Affrikate	nicht aspiriert		dz [ʦ]	dl [tɬ]	j [ʧ]
	aspiriert		ts [ʦʰ]	tl [tɬʰ]	ch [ʧʰ]
	ejektiv		ts’ [ʦ’]	tl’ [tɬ’]	ch’ [ʧ’]
Reibelaut	stimmlos		s [s]	l [ɬ]	sh [ʃ]		h [x]	h [h]
	stimmhaft		z [z]	l [ɮ]	zh [ʒ]	y [ʝ]	gh [ɣ]
Nasale	plain	m [m]	n [n]
	pre-nasaler plosiv		nd [nd]

Weblinks

• Chiricahua-Warm-Springs-Fort-Sill-Apachen-Gruppe von Oklahoma
  • Fort-Sill-Apachen-Siegel
• Fort Sill Apache Tribe (inoffiziell)
  • Apache nations genealogy chart
  • Karte of Chiricahua Heimatland
  • traditionell Chiricahua Kochrezept
• Chiricahua- und Mescalero-Apachen-Texts
• Chiricahua Apache's Account of the Gokhlayeh Campaign of 1886

Literatur

• Hoijer, Harry (1939): Chiricahua loan-words from Spanish. Language, 15 (2), 110-115.
• Hoijer, Harry (1945): Classificatory verb stems in the Apachean languages. International Journal of American Linguistics, 11 (1), 13-23.
• Hoijer, Harry (1945): The Apachean verb, part I: Verb structure and pronominal prefixes. International Journal of American Linguistics, 11 (4), 193-203.
• Hoijer, Harry (1946): The Apachean verb, part II: The prefixes for mode and tense. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (1), 1-13.
• Hoijer, Harry (1946): The Apachean verb, part III: The classifiers. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (2), 51-59.
• Hoijer, Harry (1946): Chiricahua Apache. In C. Osgood (Ed.), Linguistic structures in North America. New York: Wenner-Green Foundation for Anthropological Research.
• Hoijer, Harry; & Opler, Morris E. (1938): Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache texts. The University of Chicago publications in anthropology; Linguistic series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted 1964 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1970 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1980 under H. Hoijer by New York: AMS Press, ISBN 0-40415783-1).
• Opler, Morris E. (1936): The kinship systems of the Southern Athabaskan-speaking tribes. American Anthropologist, 38 (4), 620-633.
• Opler, Morris E. (1941): An Apache life-way: The economic, social, and religious institutions of the Chiricahua Indians. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted in 1962 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1965 by New York: Cooper Square Publishers; in 1965 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1994 by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 0-80328610-4).
• Opler, Morris E. (1983): Chiricahua Apache. In A. Ortiz (Ed.), Southwest (pp. 401-418). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 10). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
• Opler, Morris E.; & French, David H. (1941): Myths and tales of the Chiricahua Apache Indians. Memoirs of the American folk-lore society, (Vol. 37). New York: American Folk-lore Society. (Reprinted in 1969 by New York: Kraus Reprint Co.; in 1970 by New York; in 1976 by Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint Co.; & in 1994 under M. E. Opler, Morris by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-80328602-3).
• Opler, Morris E.; & Hoijer, Harry: (1940). The raid and war-path language of the Chiricahua Apache. American Anthropologist, 42 (4), 617-634.
• Pinnow, Jürgen. (1988): Die Sprache der Chiricahua-Apachen: Mit Seitenblicken auf das Mescalero. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
• Young, Robert W. (1983): Apachean languages. In A. Ortiz, W. C. Sturtevant (Eds.), Handbook of North American Indians: Southwest, (Vol. 10), (p. 393-400). Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16004579-7.