Granzyme

Granzyme

Granzyme ist ein Kofferwort aus Granula und Enzymen und beschreibt Proteasen, die in den intrazellulären Granula von Abwehrzellen aktiv sind, in besonderem Maße in cytotoxischen T-Zellen. Sie werden maßgeblich von dem Enzym Perforin unterstützt. Es sind über 11 (nach anderen Quellen: fünf) verschiedene Granzyme bekannt (A bis M). Spezifisch wird die Aminosäure Serin verdaut. Vornehmlich sind Granzyme für die Apoptose von körpereigenen und -fremden Zellen verantwortlich. Dadurch liegt ihre Bedeutung in der Abwehr von Infektionen, transplantiertem Fremdgewebe, Tumorzellen und bei Autoimmunerkrankungen.

Literatur

  • C. M. Kam / D. Hudig / J. C. Powers: Granzymes (lymphocyte serine proteases). Characterization with natural and synthetic substrates and inhibitors. In: BBA - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (Biochim. Biophys. Acta) 1477, 1-22, 2000, ISSN 0006-3002, S. 307-323.
  • M. J. Smyth / J. A. Trapani: Granzymes. Exogenous proteinases that induce target cell apoptosis. In: Immunology Today 16, 1995, ISSN 0167-4919, S. 202-206.

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