Alternative Dispute Resolution
- Alternative Dispute Resolution
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Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) bezeichnet zum staatlichen Gerichtsverfahren alternative Streitbeilegungsmethoden. Am häufigsten werden diese umschrieben als strukturierte Streitbeilegungsmethoden, bei welchen mit Hilfe einer Drittperson ein Ergebnis gefunden wird, wobei dieses aber nicht rechtlich bindend sein muss. Mit ADR will man der Unflexibilität des staatlichen Gerichtsprozesses begegnen und auch zu einem für die Parteien gerechteren Ergebnis kommen.
Geschichte
Die ADR-Bewegung begann in den frühen 1970ern in den USA. Man begann nach Alternativen zum staatlichen Gerichtsverfahren zu suchen, um Zeit und Kosten sparen zu können. Ein großer Schritt wurde 1976 getan, als die Conference on the Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice (sog. Pound Conference) in Saint Paul, Minnesota, gegründet wurde. Akademiker, Gerichtsmitarbeiter und Anwälte taten sich zusammen, um nach neuen Wegen der Streitbeilegung zu suchen.
Die wichtigste und meist verbreitete Alternative Streitbeilegungsmethode ist die Mediation. Daneben zählen unter anderem auch das Schiedsverfahren oder das Schlichtungsverfahren dazu.
Literatur
- Nicole Zingsheim: ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) nach japanischem Recht. Bonn 2003 (Dissertation, urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-02843).
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