James Olds

James Olds

James Olds (* 30. Mai 1922 in Chicago; † 21. August 1976 in Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Psychologe.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Leben

James Olds arbeitete über das Belohnungssystem im Gehirn und gilt als einer der Begründer der modernen Neurowissenschaften.

Er wuchs in Nyack, New York, auf und besuchte verschiedene Schulen, u.a. das St. John's College in Annapolis. Er lernte an der University of Wisconsin-Madison und erwarb 1947 seinen B.A. am Amherst College. Während des Zweiten Weltkrieges diente er in der US-Army. Nach dem Krieg erwarb er seinen Ph.D. an der Harvard University. James Olds war ab 1957 Professor an der University of Michigan und ab 1969 am California Institute of Technology (CalTech).

James Olds verstarb 1976 aufgrund eines Badeunfalls.

Publikationen

  • Olds, J. & P. Milner: Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 47 (1954) 419-427.
  • A neural model for sign-gestalt theory. Psychol. Rev. 61 (1954) 59-72.
  • "Reward" from brain stimulation in the rat. Science 122 (1955) 878.
  • Growth and Structure of Motives (1956)
  • Approach-avoidance dissociations in rat brains. Am. J. Physiol. 199 (1960) 965-968.
  • Olds, J., and Olds, M. E. (1961): Interference and learning in paleocortical systems. In Brain mechanisms and learning (ed. J. F. Delafresnaye), pp. 153-88. Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Hypothalamic substrates of reward. Physiol. Rev. 42 (1962) 554-604
  • Operant conditioning of single unit responses. Proc. 23rd Congr. Physiological Sciences. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. no. 87, 1965, pp. 372-80.
  • The limbic system and behavioural reinforcement. Prog. Brain Res. 27 (1967) 144-64.
  • The central nervous system and the reinforcement of behaviour. Am. Psychol. 24 (1969) 114-32.
  • Olds, J., and Hirano, T.: Conditioned responses of hippocampal and other neurons. Electroencephalogr. clin. Neurophysiol. 26 (1969) 159-66.
  • Olds, J., and Best, P. J.: Single unit patterns during anticipatory behaviour. Electroencephalogr. clin. Neurophysiol. 26 (1969) 144-58.
  • Olds, J., Disterhoft, J. F., Segal, M., Kornblith, C. L., and Hirsh, R.: Learning centres of rat brain mapped by measuring latencies of conditioned unit responses. J. Neurophysiol. 35 (1972) 202-19.
  • Drives and reinforcements (1977)

Siehe auch

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