C. Robert Cloninger

C. Robert Cloninger
Claude Robert Cloninger

Claude Robert Cloninger (* 4. April 1944 in Beaumont (Texas)) ist ein US-amerikanischer Psychiater und Genetiker, der über die biologischen, psychologischen und sozialen Grundlagen psychischer Störungen forscht.[1][2]

Cloningers Arbeit umfasst die Genetik, Neurobiologie, Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und die Entstehung der Persönlichkeitsstörungen.[3] In prospektiven Studien an adoptierten Kindern identifizierte und beschrieb er erbliche Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, die eine Neigung zu Alkoholismus und anderen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen darstellen.[4][5][6] 1998 führte er eine genetische Studie normaler Persönlichkeitsmerkmale durch[7] und entwickelte die zwei Persönlichkeitsfragebögen Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) und Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) entwickelt.[8][9]

Die American Psychiatric Association hat Robert Cloninger 2009 für seine Forschungen mit dem Judd Marmor Award geehrt.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Temperament and Character Inventory

Im Fragenbogen, den er 1989 entwickelt hat, definiert er „vier Dimensionen des Temperaments“:

  1. Harm Avoidance (in etwa "Schadensvermeidung"): "ängstlich, pessimistisch" ↔ "aufgeschlossen, optimistisch"
  2. Novelty Seeking (in etwa "Neugierde"): "impulsiv, hitzig" ↔ "rigid, schwerfällig"
  3. Reward Dependence (in etwa "Abhängigkeit von Belohnung"): "warm, bestätigungssuchend" ↔ "kalt, unnahbar"
  4. Persistence (in etwa: "Beharrlichkeit") (später hinzugefügt[10][11]): "ausdauernd, ambitioniert" ↔ "leicht entmutigt, unter Möglichkeit bleibend"

1993 folgte die Definition der „drei Dimensionen des Charakters“[12]

  1. Self-Directedness (Verantwortung, Sinn-Orientierung, Einfallsreichtum, Selbstakzeptanz, enlightened second nature)
  2. Cooperativeness (Soziale Akzeptanz, Empathie, Hilfsbereitschaft, Mitgefühl, aufrichtiges Gewissen)
  3. Self-Transcendence (Selbstvergessenheit, Transpersonale Identifikation, Spirituelle Akzeptanz)

Ausgewählte Artikel

  • Cloninger, C. R. (2006): The science of well-being: An integrated approach to mental health and its disorders. In: World Psychiatry, 5, S. 71-76.
  • Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D.M., Przybeck, T.R. (2006): Can personality assessment predict future depression? A twelve-month follow-up of 631 subjects. In: J Affective Disorder, 92 (1), S. 35-44.
  • Cloninger, C. R. (2003): Completing the psychobiological architecture of human personality development: Temperament, Character, & Coherence. In: U. M. Staudinger & U. E. R. Lindenberger (Eds.), Understanding human development: Dialogues with lifespan psychology (S. 159–182). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Cloninger, C. R. (2002): The discovery of susceptibility genes for mental disorders. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99(21), 13365-13367.
  • Cloninger, C. R. (2000): Biology of personality dimensions. In: Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 13, S. 611-616.
  • Cloninger, C. R. (1999): A new conceptual paradigm from genetics and psychobiology for the science of mental health. In: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, S. 174-186.
  • Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, N. M., & Svrakic, D. M. (1997): Role of personality self-organization in development of mental order and disorder. In: Development and Psychopathology, 9, S. 881-906.
  • Cloninger, C. R. (1994): The genetic structure of personality and learning: a phylogenetic perspective. In: Clinical Genetics, 46, S. 124-137.
  • Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993): A psychobiological model of temperament and character. In: Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 975-990.
  • Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., & Svrakic, D. M. (1991): The tridimensional personality questionnaire: U. S. normative data. In: Psychological Reports, 69, S. 1047-1057.
  • Hansenne, M., Delhez, M., Cloninger, C.R. (2005): Psychometric properties of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised in a Belgian sample. In: J Person Assess, 85, S. 40-49.
  • Gillespie, N.A., Cloninger, C.R., Heath, A.C., Martin, N.G. (2003): The genetic and environmental relationship between Cloninger’s dimensions of temperament and character. In: Personality and Individual Differences, 35, S. 1931-1946.
  • Grucza, R.A., Przybeck, T.R., Cloninger, C.R. (2005): Personality as a mediator of demographic risk factors for suicide attempts in a community sample. In: Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, S. 214-222.
  • Sullivan, S., Cloninger, C.R., Przybeck, T.R., Klein, S. (2007): Personality characteristics in obesity and relationship with successful weight loss. In: Int J Obes (Lond.), 31, S. 667-674.

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Who’s Who in the World 2009. Claude Robert Cloninger. 26th edition. New Providence, NJ. Marquis Who’s Who, 2008.
  2. ↑ Highly Cited Researchers. Claude Robert Cloninger. Version 1.5, ISI Highly Cited.com. Institute for Scientific Information, 2008.
  3. ↑ Hellinga G, van Luyn B, Dalwijk H-J (eds.). Personalities: Master clinicians confront the treatment of borderline personality disorder – Robert Cloninger (biography and interview). Northvale NJ and London: Jason Aronson, 2001, pp. 99-120.
  4. ↑ Cloninger C.R., Bohman, M., Sigvardsson, S.: Inheritance of alcohol abuse: cross-fostering analysis of adopted men. In: Archives of General Psychiatry 1981; p. 38:861-869.
  5. ↑ Cloninger C. R.; Bohman, M.; Sigvardsson, S: Childhood personality predicts alcohol abuse in young adults. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 1988; 12:494-505.
  6. ↑ Cloninger CR, von Knorring A-L, Sigvardsson S, Bohman M. Symptom patterns and causes of somatization in men. Genetic Epidemiology 1986; 3:171-185.
  7. ↑ Cloninger, C. R.; van Eerdewegh, P.; Goate, A. et al.: Anxiety proneness linked to epistatic loci in genome scan of human personality traits. In: Am J Med Genet 81 (1998), S. 313-317.
  8. ↑ Cloninger CR. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44:573-588.
  9. ↑ Cloninger, C. R.; Svrakic, D. M.; Przybeck, T. R.: A psychobiological model of temperament and character. In: Arch Gen Psychiatry 50 (1993), S. 975-990.
  10. ↑ Cloninger C. R.; Svrakic, D. M., Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50:975-990.
  11. ↑ Cloninger, C. R.: Feeling good: The science of well-being. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
  12. ↑ Cloninger, C. R.; Svrakic, D. M.; Przybeck, T. R.: A psychobiological model of temperament and character. In: Arch Gen Psychiatry 50 (1993), S. 975-990.

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